Dr. Maria Johnson
Colorectal cancer is the third-leading cause of cancer-related deaths, yet it can be easily detected with a basic test: a colonoscopy. Each year in the United States, approximately 140,000 people are diagnosed and more than 50,000 people die of the disease.
Fortunately, cancer of the colon and/or rectum can be detected and prevented by having a screening, which is recommended beginning at age 50.
People sometimes avoid testing. They may be fearful of having an examination of a personal part of the body. Others are uncomfortable thinking about the bowel preparation necessary the day before, which requires no solid food, liquids only and laxatives to adequately cleanse the digestive tract. There are also some cultural misconceptions such as if a person feels fine they do not have to be tested. Some people think that they will be conscious or will be able to feel the internal examination.
A meet-and-greet with the medical professional who will conduct the test will provide the opportunity to learn about the procedure, dispel myths and put minds at ease. The physician will recommend which method of screening is the best.
Technology has evolved significantly, with the development of a smaller, flexible lighted high-definition scope that allows for the detection – and removal – of tinier growths, before they develop into cancer. These polyps can be removed during the colonoscopy and will be biopsied.
Studies by the National Cancer Institute at the National Institutes of Health suggest that a colonoscopy can reduce risk of death from colorectal cancer by about 60 to 70 percent as compared to those who do not have a screening. Sometimes symptoms do not manifest until the cancer is well advanced. If results are normal, subsequent screenings are recommended every 10 years.
More than 90 percent of those who have this cancer are 50 or older. Colorectal cancer does not discriminate: Men and women of all ethnicities can get this disease.
People at risk include those who:
- have a personal or family history of colorectal cancer or polyps
- have certain genetic syndromes
- are overweight or obese
- are not physically active
- do not eat many fruits or vegetables
- use tobacco products.
Individuals who have one or more risk factors may need to be screened earlier and/or more frequently.
Colorectal cancer symptoms can include blood in or on the stool; stomach pain or cramps that don’t dissipate; and loss of weight without reason. Such symptoms should not be ignored; only a medical professional can determine the cause.
A simple test can easily detect colorectal cancer, and better yet, remove polyps before they can develop into cancer. The earlier this cancer is found, the better the cure rate.
Dr. Maria Johnson is a gastroenterologist affiliated with MidState Medical Center.